Female-to-male surgery may include chest masculinisation (mastectomy and contouring), hysterectomy and oophorectomy by gynaecology, and phalloplasty or metoidioplasty. In Turkey, genital surgery requires psychiatric assessment and court permission. Care involves psychiatry, endocrinology, gynaecology, urology and plastic surgery.
The process
Psychiatric assessment, hormone therapy where appropriate and legal steps precede surgery; the order of operations is individual.
Options
- Chest masculinisation: removal of breast tissue, skin adjustment and nipple resizing and repositioning.
- Hysterectomy and oophorectomy by a gynaecologist.
- Phalloplasty with forearm or thigh flap.
- Metoidioplasty using hormonally enlarged tissue.
Legal requirements
Genital gender-affirming surgery in Turkey requires court permission under the Civil Code; legal advice is recommended.
Risks
Chest surgery: bleeding, seroma, nipple circulation problems, scarring and contour irregularity. See phalloplasty for genital surgery risks.
Frequently asked questions
Which surgery comes first?
Usually chest surgery; genital surgery follows legal and medical requirements.
Phalloplasty or metoidioplasty?
Phalloplasty creates a larger penis from donor tissue; metoidioplasty a smaller one from existing tissue with its own sensation.
How do I book a consultation for gender-affirming surgery in Ankara?
Call +90 532 464 67 81 or message on WhatsApp to book at the practice in Çukurambar, Ankara.
Sources and further reading
Reliable sources for general background:
American Society of Plastic Surgeons · Reconstructive procedures ↗American Society of Plastic Surgeons · Gender affirmation surgeries ↗American Society of Plastic Surgeons · Patient safety ↗This page is general information and does not replace an individual examination. Surgery has risks and outcomes cannot be guaranteed.